Furnace wall



F. B. BIGELOW FURNACE WALL Dec. 3, 1940.

Filed Aug. 21, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 FURNACE WALL Filed Aug. 21, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 nklDI-l DQIJKF F. B. BI GELOW 2 FURNACE WALL Dec. 3 1940.

Filed Aug. 21, 1939 I INyENfbR. flan/ 45B elow,

ATTORNEY.

F. B. BIGELOW FURNACE WALL Dec. 3, 1940.

Filed Aug. 21, 1939,

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' INVENTOR.

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4 Sheets-Shes; 4

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BY /%EY.

Patented Dec. 3, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE? Application August 21, 1939, Serial No. 291,173

5 Claims. The current invention relates to the upright or erect refractory or brick walls of furnaces and been presented in detail in the accompanyin drawings forming a part of this specification and throughout the several views of which like reference numerals have been employed to desig- 20 hate the same parts.

In these drawings: Figures 1 to 4 inclusive illustrate one embodie ment of the invention, Figure 1 constituting a partial vertical section on the offset section-line -25 |--i of Figure 4, Figure 2, a fragmentary isometric view from the outside of the wall, Figure 3, a sectional plan view on line 33 of Figure l, and Figure 4, a partial elevation elevation of the wall from the outside showing a portion of its 30 -method of installation.

Figure 1A shows one of the blocks or refractories 46 in perspective, and Figure 13 presents one of the blocks or refractories 41 in similar manner.

35 Figures 5 to 7 inclusive portray a modified form of wall, Figure 5 being a partial vertical section similar to Figure 1, Figure 6, an isometric view from the outside of the wall, and Figure '7, a partial plan section on line I-| of Figure 5 40 on a reduced scale. s v 1 I Figures 5A and 5B illustrate the blocks 46 and 41 in perspective'respectively and of somewhat smaller size than those shown in Figures 1A and 1B.

45 Figures 8 to 10 embracive present a further modified type of wall, Figure 8 being a vertical section similar to Figure 1, Figure 9, a fragmentary isometric view, and Figure 10, a section on line Ill-l of Figure 8 on a reduced scale.

50 Figures 8A and 83 present the two blocks or the refractory-supporting metal-framework comprises the usual, spaced-apart, upright I-beams 2|, 2| to the inner flanges of which verticallyseparatd, horizontal Z-bars 22, 22 are fastened by means of bolts or rivets 23, 23 extended through holes of the upstanding, outer flanges 24, 24 of such bars, which may be slotted at 25, 25, whereas the depending, inner flanges 26, 26 of the bars may be discontinuous or intermittently cut away at 21, 21, the webs 28, 28 of such horizontal bars being disposed level.

Mounted on such Z-bar webs are a number of bricks or refractories 29, 29 each of which at its top has an upstanding projection 3| which is retained behind the downwardly-extended-fiange 16 26 on the next higher Z-bar 22, whereby such bricks overhang the webs on which their outer sections bear, the under ,surface of each such brick being recessed at 32 thereby providing a portion located in front of the flange 26 of the bar which supports the brick.

Each brick 29 has an inwardly-extended, fiat, top surface 33, a connecting vertical face 34, an inwardly, upwardly, sloping surface 35, an inner, vertical face 36, and a fiat bottom surface 31.

Hung and supported on the inclined ledges 35 of such bricks is arow of inner bricks 38, 38 of the shape shown and each having an upper projection 39 with an oblique underface 4| restmg on the surface 35, the top of each such brick having stepped, horizontal surfaces 42, 43, a a straight, upright, inner face 44, and a. plane bottom face 45 located slightly above the plane of thejaces 31 of the other bricks 29.

As is fully indicated in Figure 3, some, or all of, bricks 38, 38 may be narrower than their supporting bricks 29, 29, and. the joints between the former are arranged out of register with the joints between the latter. 40

As is indicated in Figure 4, the bricks 29, 29 are mounted on the Z-bars by temporarily tilting such bricks sidewise in the plane of the wall, and, when they are brought to erect position, they are slid along into engagement with the bricks previously mounted on the framework in the manner stated. I

Obviously, the final bricks to be put in place cannot be so tilted for their introduction, and,

accordingly, some of these bricks are of modi- 5o other bricks of the wall about to be described.

Each auxiliary or supplemental brick mentioned for the completion ofthe row of main bricks is composed of two parts, 46 and 41, with a horizontal joint between them, the lower brick 46 resting on the ledge 28 and the companion upper brick 41 having its top projection 48 confined behind the flange of the next higher 2- bar, the combined bricks 46 and 41 in vertical section having the same contour of periphery as the associated main bricks 29 and 38.

Each brick or tile 46 has a series of grooves or channels 49 in its top surface parallel to the wall and each tile or brick 41 in its under surface has corresponding grooves or channels 5| registering with the grooves 48.

When the cement or the like with which these companion, mating grooves are filled, when the bricks are put in place, has set or hardened the two parts or sections 46 and 41 are locked together, whereby the upper brick 41 held in place by the Z-bar flange acts to maintain the lower brick 46 in position.

So-called soap bricks 52 are mounted on top of the bricks 29, 38 and41 infront of each flange 26 and other bricks 53 with stepped top and bottom faces are positioned in front of the bricks 52 and are supported directlyby bricks 38 and 41, the vertical joints between the bricks 52, 52 and those between the bricks 53, 53 being staggered as illustrated.

The main bricks, composed of the two parts 29 and 38, having been mounted in the indicated manner on the metal framework, the final space is occupied by the few bricks 46 and 41 which may be directly inserted in position from the;

outside of the wall without tilting them, the lower brick 46 in each instance being put in place, after which its companion brick 41 is inserted in position, the two being held firmly in place by the cement locking keys occupying the matching grooves.

In some cases, it may be possible to complete the wall using bricks 29 and 38 without any bricks 46 and 41, but, in any case, when it be-' comes necessary to replace any of the damaged bricks 46 and 41 or 29 and 38, then bricks 48 and 41 will be used for that purpose.

Figures 5, 6 and '7 illustrate a somewhat similar wall incorporating the following differences:

Instead of using rows of two separate bricks or tiles 52, 53, the modified construction employs a row of single bricks 6| each of which comprises a thicker inner section 62 and a thinner outer portion 63, the latter being 0 et longitudinally of the row with relation to th former to provide displaced joints between the ends of the bricks, these joints being staggered with relation to the joints between the bricks immediately above and below them.

The bricks of this type of wall are installed and replaced in substantially. the same manner as described above in connection with the other wall.

In Figures 8, 9 and 10, a single-brick thickness wall is presented. the metal framework being the same as in the previous instances.

In this case each main brick or refractory 1| rests at its outer portion on the web of the Z- bar and its top has an upstanding projection 12 confined and retained behind the downwardly-directed flange of the next higher Z-bar, the

- brick in register with the flange having a groove 13 which-by its accommodation of the flange, permits the rocking of the brick in the plane of the wall, to allow its secure mounting on the metal framework.

The part of each such brick inwardly of the furnace beyond the groove has a top flat face 14 and one upright face of each such brick has a wide rib 15 and its opposite face has a corresponding groove or channel 16, whereby the bricks, when in place, interlock with one another, in that the groove of each brick accommodates the rib of the next adjacent brick, and, in addition, the under surface of each such brick is stepped at ill.

Filler or intermediate bricks 18 having fiat bottom surfaces rest on the bricks 1| and have stepped top faces 18 conforming to the under surfaces of the main bricks, all as is fully illustrated, these filler-bricks being located in front of the down-turned flanges of the Z-bars, the joints between the ends of these filler-bricks, being staggered with reference to thejoints of the-main bricks above and below.

The replacement bricks, in this instance, comprise two parts 8| and 82, each having on one face a groove 83 and 84, respectively, which are in register or alignment with one another and unitedly or conjointly conform to the grooves 16 of the main bricks.

As in the case of such main bricks, the bottom face of each lower brick 8| is stepped or ofi'set at 85 to receive the adjacent filler-brick 18 and the top of each upper brick 82 has a projection 86, a groove 81 and a flat top surface 88 corresponding to the comparable parts E2, 15 and 14 of the main bricks.

As in both of the structures hereinbefore described the top surface of the lower brick 8| has a plurality of channels 89 in its top face and the bottom surface of the upper brick 82 has matching or mating channels 8| for the cement or mortar keys to lock the two bricks together, so that they may function approximately the same as a single unit brick, in that the retaining and confining property of the upper brick is transferred to the lower brick and the supporting action of the lower brick is transmitted to the upper brick,,and,-of course, in addition, the

keys act as effective sealing means for the joint.

As will be readily understood, when the original three divided bricks, each composed of the two parts 8| and 82, are placed in the wall after the main bricks have been installed, the grooves 83 and 84 of one such divided brick receive the rib or projection 15 of the adjacent brick 1|, the like grooves of the other two divided bricks being left vacant or filled "with cement or mortar as may be preferred.

After the wall has been completed in the manner indicated, if any'of the auxiliary bricks become damaged or require replacement, the substitution of new divided supplementary bricks for the removed injured ones may be readily accom pllshed from the outside of the wall, and, on the other hand, if any of the main bricks need replacement with new bricks, the described divided auxiliary bricks may be substituted therefor, but more than one main brick would require removal before SuchrepIacement could be effected due to the presence of the interlocking ribs and grooves on the main bricks.

In Figure 11, a still further modified structure is presented in which the .wall is of single-brick thickness and in which the framework is like that .hereinbefore set forth.

In this construction all bricks are alike with the exception that the auxiliary divided bricks in two parts to permit their insertion in place from the outside of the wall.

Each such main brick or-tile 9| rests on the web of the Z-bar and has a top or upstanding extension 92 behind the holding flange of the next bar, the upper surface of such refractory in front of such projection being downwardly stepped at 99,

At its lower part, each brick 9| is in front of the inner flange of the Z-bar and extends downbeyond the lower margin of the flange, its bot tom surface being offset or stepped at 94 to giatfih or mate the top surface of the next lower ric Each sectioned, auxiliary brick 95, 96 is of the same contour, but is divided into lower and upper parts with a horizontal joint 91' between them fitted .with companion grooves or channels 98 de signed to receive the sealing and locking hardened cement or mortar.

In this case, the bricks are inserted and replaced in the manner hereinbefore specified and when replacement of main bricks is required by divided auxiliary bricks, it is necessary to temporarily remove the insulation backing 99.

If desired, the main bricks may have cooperating ribs or grooves on their proximate vertical faces, and the auxiliary bricks may have comparable grooves asindicated inone of the other embodiments of the invention.

It is to be noticed that in all of the structures illustrated and described, the joint between the. two parts of each auxiliary or replacement brick is horizontal to obtain a maximum binding effect between the two sections or parts of the brick, whereby to obtain as nearly as possible, the results which wouid accrue were the brick a unitary element, the division of the brick into sec- 40 tions being for the purpose of allowing the lower section to be put in place and then the companion upper section which locks the two in position, such replacement being capable of accomplishment from the outside of the wall.

5 Although Z-bars have been shown and described, as constituting the metal supporting means for the bricks, it will, of course, be understood that other means capable of accomplishing the same function may be used instead.

50 .Thjs invention, as incorporated in the specific examples presented and to which it is not limited, is set forth in the appended claims, but it will be apparent to those acquainted with this art that many major or minor mechanical changes may 55 be resorted to without departure from the principles of the invention and without the loss of any of its substantial benefits or the sacrifice of any of its material advantages.

I claim:

' 1. In a furnace-wall, the combination of a metal framework including a number of horizontal vertically-spaced bars each having a bricksupporting ledge for one row of main bricks and a depending flange for retention of the next lower row of main briclm, a row of main bricks mounted on each of said ledges and overhanging said framework, each of said bricks having a top upstanding projection confined in position by the flange of the next higher bar, at least a portion of each of said main bricks being capable of being thus positioned by temporarily tilting it in the plane of the wall during its insertion in place, one or more spaces between the main bricks of each row being occupied by auxiliary bricks each '15 of substantially the samecontour as the main adapted to be inserted in the same manner from brick but divided horizontally into sections to permit their introduction in position from the out side of the wall, like auxiliary bricks being adapted to be inserted in the same manner from the outside of the wall to replace any damaged main 5 bricks.

2. In a furnace-wall, the combination of a metal framework including a number of horizontal vertically-spaced bars each having a bricksupporting ledge for one row of main bricks and a depending flange for retention of the next lower row of main bricks, a row of main bricks mounted on each of said ledges and overhanging said framework, each of said bricks having a top upstanding projection confined in position by the 16 flange of the next higher bar, at least a portion Of each of said main bricks being capable of being thus positioned by temporarily tilting it in the plane of the wall during its insertion in place, one or more spaces between the main bricks of each row being occupied by auxiliary bricks each of substantially the same contour as the main brick but divided horizontally into sections to permit their introduction in position from the outside of the wall, like auxiliary bricks being adapted to be inserted in the "same manner from the outside of the wall to replace any damaged main bricks, thecontiguous'faces of each divided auxiliery brick having mating grooves fllled with a cementitious material.

3. In a furnace-wall, the combination of a metal framework including a number of horizontal vertically-spaced bars each having a bricksupporting ledge for one row of main bricks and a depending flange for retention of the next lower row of main bricks, a row of main bricks mounted on each of said ledges and overhanging said framework, each of said bricks having a top upstanding projection confined in position by the flange of the next higher-bar, at least a portion of each of said main bricks being capable of being thus positioned by temporarily tilting it in the plane of the wall during its, insertion in place, one or more spaces between the main bricks of each row being occupied by axuiliary bricks each of substantially the same contour as the main brick but divided horizontally into sections to permit their introduction in position from the outside of the wall, like auxiliary bricks being the outside of the wall, to replace any damaged a depending flange for retention of the next lower row of main bricks, a row of main bricks mounted on each of said ledges and overhanging said framework, each of said bricks having a top upstanding projection confined in position by the flange of the next higher bar, at least aportion ofeach of said main bricks being capable of being thus positioned by temporarily tilting it in the plane of the wall during its insertion in place, one or more spaces between the main bricks of each row being occupied by auxiliary bricks each of substantially the same contour as the main brick but divided horizontally, into sections to permit their introduction in position from the outside of the wall, like auxiliary bricks being adapted to be inserted in the same manner from the outside of the wall to replace any' damaged main bricks, the contiguous faces of each divided auxiliary brick having mating grooves filled with a cementitious material, one vertical face of said zontal vertically-spaced bars each having a bricksupporting'ledge for one row of main bricks and a depending flange for retention of the next loigver row of main bricks, a row ofmain bricks mounted on each of said ledges and overhanging said framework, each of said bricks having a top upstanding projection confined in position by the 1 flange of the next higher bar, at least a portio'n of each of said main bricks being capable of being thus positioned bytemporarily tilting it in the plane of the wall during its insertion in place, one or more spaces between the main bricks of each row being occupied by auxiliary bricks each of substantially the same contour as the main brick but divided horizontally into sections to permit their introduction in position from the outside of the wall, like auxiliary bricks being adapted to be inserted in the same manner from the outside of the wall to replace any damaged main bricks, each said main brick being composed of two sections, one of which is an outer section supported directly on the framework and the other of which is an inner section supported on said outer. section. i

FRANKBURR BIGELOW. 

